Worksheet Chapter 9: Nutrition and the Human Digestive System

1. True or False: Bile contains digestive enzymes that chemically hydrolyze lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

2. True or False: Salivary amylase remains active in the stomach to continue breaking down carbohydrates into maltose.

3. Explain the importance of deamination carried out by liver cells.

4. Which blood vessel carries water-soluble absorbed nutrients directly from the small intestine to the liver?

5. Name two enzymes present in pancreatic juice and state their respective substrate targets.

6. Explain why a person who has had their gallbladder surgically removed should limit their intake of high-fat meals.

7. Calculate the energy value of a food sample based on the following experimental data from a bomb calorimeter:
- Mass of food sample burned = $2.0 g$
- Mass of water in calorimeter = $50.0 g$
- Initial water temperature = $28.0^\circC$
- Final water temperature = $68.0^\circC$
(Specific heat capacity of water = $4.2 J g^-1{^\circC}^{-1}$)
Show your complete step-by-step working.

8. State three structural adaptations of the human ileum that adapt it for efficient absorption of digested food.

9. Fill in the blank: The lymphatic vessel located at the center of each villus that absorbs fat-soluble substances is called a ________.

10. Differentiate between the transport routes of absorbed Glucose versus absorbed Fatty Acids from the small intestine to the general circulation.